Loops & Conditions

A loop repeats an action many times without writing the same step again and again. A condition lets a program make a decision based on a yes-or-no question. Together, loops and conditions make programs smart.

Why Use Loops

Imagine drawing a square. Without a loop, you write "move forward, turn" four separate times. With a loop, you write "repeat 4 times: move forward, turn" just once. Loops save effort and reduce mistakes.

Types of Loops

• Repeat (number) times – Runs a fixed number of times
• Repeat Forever – Runs without stopping, until the program ends
• Repeat Until – Runs until a condition becomes true

Conditions — Making Decisions

A condition uses an "if" question to decide what happens next. If the answer is true, one set of steps runs. If false, a different set runs, or nothing happens.

Loops and Conditions in Scratch

Scratch has loop blocks like "repeat" and condition blocks like "if-then" in the Control category. You can place other blocks inside them to control what repeats or what happens under a condition.

🔑 Key Terms

• Loop – A set of steps that repeats automatically
• Condition – A yes/no question that decides what happens next
• If-Then – A block that runs steps only when a condition is true

✏️ Exercise

1. What does a loop do?
2. Which loop runs forever, until you stop the program?
3. What does an "if-then" block check?

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